8 ideas of computer architecture:
(anna university - CS8491 )
IDEAS OF COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Nearly
trillion of ideas were arouse in past years .But most of them were unsuccessful
and some are replaced by others. I am here to explain top 8 ideas of computer
architecture .
Eight Ideas
1.
Design for Moore's Law
2.
Use Abstraction to Simplify Design3.
Make the common case fast
4.
Performance via parallelism
5.
Performance via pipelining
6.
Performance via prediction
6.
Hierarchy of memories
8.
Dependability via redundancy
For your better
understandings , I differentiated those ideas in simple manner . Lets gohead.
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1. Design for Moore's Law
· Gordon Moore ( one
of founders of Intel ) had made an prediction in IC capacity growth( in 1965 )
, that is Moore’s law .
“INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
DOUBLE EVERY 18-24 MONTHS”- Moore
· As computer designs
can take upto some years , between the start
and finish of the project , the resources available per chip can easily double(2*x)
or quadruple(4*x) . So prediction is in absolute perfect.
· Icon used :"up
and to the right" graph ( represents rapid change )
2. Use Abstraction to Simplify Design
· Computer architects
and programmers had found a major productivity technique for hardware and
software is to use abstraction way of approach.
· Abstraction - lower-level
details are hidden to offer a simpler model at higher levels.
· Icon used: abstract
painting icon (represents hard to understand implementation).
3. Make the common case fast
· Optimizing rare
cases are not more effective and it was a tedious process , so making common
cases as fast as possible idea rolled high in computer architecture field.
· It is simple but
need careful experimentation and measurement .
· Icon used: sports
car icon (represents fast way )
4. Performance via parallelism
· When we do
operations in series ( one after another manner ) manner , there must be long
wait and poor CPU utilization , so parallelism concept arouse .
· Doing parallel process
effectively increases performance.
· Icon Used : multiple
jet engines of a plane (represents uniform engine run)
\5. Performance via pipelining
· Pipelining-
Pipelining is an implementation technique in which multiple instructions are
overlapped in execution since execution of instruction one after another is of
poor .
· Pipelining improves
performance by increasing instruction throughput and conserve time .
· Icon Used : pipeline
icon ( represents sequence of pipes, with each section representing one stage
of the pipeline )
6. Performance via prediction
Prevention is better than cure , as proverb reveals here. Most of
risks are predictable.
This mechanism to recover from a misprediction
is not too expensive and the prediction is relatively accurate.
Icon Used: fortune-teller's crystal
ball ( represents predicting future )
7. Hierarchy of memories
· Memory plays a
vital role in computer , since majority of cost of computer is because of
memory .
· Based on size ,
cost and speed , hierarchy of memory is made . At top high speed, high cost and
low size ones and at bottom viceversa.
· Icon Used: a
layered triangle icon ( represents size & performance )
8. Dependability via redundancy
Computers not only
need to be fast; they need to be dependable on one another. This made
effectively by applying redundancy.
· Since any physical
device can fail, systems can made dependable by including redundant components.
These components can take over when a failure occurs and to help detect
failures
· Icon Used: the
tractor-trailer ( one wheel id dependable on other , if one failure other will
manage )
